prefaces, Pitirim A. Sorokin, “Social and Cultural Dynamics” (1937-1941)

 

preface – volume 1

preface – volume 2

preface – volume 3

preface – volume 4

 

The full text of Pitirim A. Sorokin’s magnum opus, Social and Cultural Dynamics (1937-1941), is hard to come by nowadays, except perhaps in a library.

I have transcribed and am posting here (downloadable Word documents above) the text of the four separate prefaces to Volumes One through Four of the Dynamics. They make for very interesting and informative reading — including, and importantly, Sorokin’s conception of sociology and his philosophy of history.

Here’s a typical,stirring passage from the preface to Volume One:

This work has grown out of my efforts to understand something of what has been happening in the social and cultural world about me. I am not ashamed to confess that the World War and most of what took place after it were bewildering to one who, in conformity with the dominant currents of social thought of the earlier twentieth century, had believed in progress, revolution, socialism, democracy, scientific positivism, and many other” isms” of the same sort. For good or ill, I fought for these values and paid the penalty. I expected the progress of peace but not of war; the bloodless reconstruction of society but not bloody revolutions; humanitarianism in nobler guise but not mass murders; an even finer form of democracy but not autocratic dictatorships; the advance of science but not of propaganda and authoritarian dicta in lieu of truth; the many-sided improvement of man but not his relapse into barbarism. The war was the first blow to these conceptions. The grim realities of the Russian Revolution provided the second. If anybody had seriously predicted in 1913 a small fraction of what has actually taken place since, he would have been branded then as mad. And yet what then appeared to be absolutely impossible has indeed happened.

The supple and vigorous, often eloquent — sometimes grandiose — Sorokin-ian style is on full display here.

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

      May 2020

dedication page, “Social and Cultural Dynamics”

 

dedication, 'Social and Cultural Dynamics'

This is the dedication page of the first volume of Sorokin’s Social and Cultural Dynamics (1937). Peter and Sergei were Sorokin’s sons.

Few would disagree, I am sure, that there was something wonderful — authentic, deep, sincere — about Sorokin the person. And I feel this can be seen in his family and the Russian émigré milieu he and they moved in: their closest associates and friends.

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

    May 2020

Sorokin on The Living Church of Russia (Живая Церковь), Christian Advocate, 1923

 

‘The Living Church of Russia’ – The Christian Advocate 11-15-1923

Sorokin, ‘Does the Church of Russia Present a Religious Opportunity’ – Christian Advocate

The Living Church of Russia – Wikipedia

 

The downloadable Word documents posted here (above) are self-explanatory.

 

— Roger W. Smith

      April 2020

Sorokin on human emotions in a time of plague

 

 

That bubonic plague, typhus, fever, influenza, smallpox, and other serious diseases alter the sensations, emotions, and feelings of their victims need not be demonstrated. The general characteristic of the change induced by all these diseases is the pain, fear of death, delirium, and sense of weakness experienced by the victim. Apart from this common trait, each of the main epidemics discloses its own pattern of transformation of the victim’s sensations, feelings, and emotions. For our purposes it is unnecessary to characterize the specific changes produced by each of these diseases. It suffices to say that all the important pestilences profoundly transform the emotional and affective life of the patient. This transformation is due nor only to the biological forces of the sickness itself but also to the profound change in the social relationships of the victim. He suddenly finds himself isolated from almost all his fellow men, often even the members of his family. His condition plunges him into a sort of social vacuum. Hundreds of persons with whom he was linked by the ties of friendship and attachment, business, and common interests now try to avoid him. The victim is in the position of a spider whose web has been torn asunder. The former subject–or active participant in social life–is turned into a helpless object, avoided, forsaken, and repellent. He ceases to form a part of society. Socially he is already dead though he is still alive biologically.

 

Regardless of the biological factors, this abrupt psychosocial lonesomeness, this social death, is alone sufficient to create the profoundest change in the victim’s affective and emotional life. Even gradual psychosocial isolation alters the whole mental life of persons so profoundly that often it drives people to commit suicide. As a matter of fact, psychosocial isolation is the primary cause of so-called “egotistic” suicide. Vastly more profound is the change created by the psychosocial isolation due to pestilence. It comes abruptly; it isolates the victim suddenly. It effects a thoroughgoing revolution in the mental life of the victim.

Pestilence affects also the emotional life of all those who are in contact with the sick. Their emotional tone is also profoundly disturbed. Anxiety, sorrow, and fear, sympathy for the sick and egoistic concern for their own safety, hope and despair, mounting depression alternating with outursts of macabre exhilaration, irritability, and fatalistic resignation, emotional excitation and dullness, a reckless “devil may care” attitude and intense religiosity–these and similar waves of emotion sweep over the society ravaged by a pestilence. As in famine, its emotional life becomes unstable, jumpy, and uneven, subject to contrasting moods and violent changes. This instability and these contrasting emotional changes are probably the most important characteristics of such a society from the sociological standpoint.

— Pitirim A. Sorokin, Man and Society in Calamity (1942)

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

     April 2020

 

I wish to thank Valery E. Sharapov for calling my attention to this passage.

Sorokin and Elena (a favorite Sorokin photo of mine)

 

Sorokin adjusted-

Питирим и Елена Сорокины. 1921 г., Тамбов (рядом с Еленой – предположительно ее сводный брат, второй справа – ее отец)

Pitirim and Elena Sorokina. 1921, Tambov (next to Elena – presumably her half-brother; her father is second from the right)

 

The photo was taken the year before Sorokin was exiled from Russia. His wife left to join him in the United States in 1924.

 

posted by Roger W. Smith

     April 2020

ТРУДНО НАМ СЕЙЧАС

 

On March 9, 1922, Pitirim Sorokin, living in Petrograd, wrote to the Ukrainian sociologist Nikita Shapoval in Prague:

 

«Получил сегодня Ваше письмо и немедленно отвечаю. Прежде всего, оно меня искренне и глубоко обрадовало. Зарубежные письма нечасто приходится получать нам, и тем более письма, свидетельствующие о том, что кто-то там интересуется нами и нашими работами. …

Мы по-прежнему оторваны от западной научной литературы по социологии. А тоска по ней огромная … Я до сих пор не имею даже книги Шпенглера, и, конечно, не слышал ничего о социологии Халупного и Фаустки. …

Еще раз спасибо за письмо: оно повлияло на меня, как глоток чистого воздуха в душной комнате.

Трудно нам сейчас живется и дышится. Трудно работать, но раз жизнь требует напряжения, оно должно быть сделано…»

“I have received your letter today and will reply immediately. First of all, it sincerely and deeply pleased me. We rarely get to receive foreign letters to us, and even more so letters indicating that someone there is interested in us and our work. …

We are still divorced from Western scientific literature on sociology. And the longing for it is enormous … I still don’t even have Spengler’s book, and, of course, I have not heard anything about the sociology of Khalupni and Faustka. …

Thanks again for the letter: it affected me like a breath of clean air in a stuffy room.

It is difficult for us now to live and breathe. It’s hard to work, but since life requires energy [literally, voltage], it must be done … ”

 

translation by Roger W. Smith

 

— posted by Roger W.  Smith, March 2020;  courtesy Юри Дойков (Yuri Doykov)

a rare Sorokin photograph

 

Prezentatsiya1

Students and teachers of the Jurisprudence Faculty of the Imperial Saint-Petersburg University, around 1913-1914. Standing in second row: sixth from right: P. A. Sorokin.

personal archive of Prof. A.V. Gordon, Moscow

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith; courtesy Юрий Дойков (Yuri Doykov)

Sorokin letter to President Kennedy

 

Sorokin letter to JFK 5-23-1961

 

Sorokin, ‘Mutual Convergence of the US and USSR to the Mixed Sociological Type’

 

This letter of May 23, 1961 from Pitirim A. Sorokin to President John F. Kennedy is self-explanatory. The “enclosed reprint of my paper” which Sorokin refers to in the letter is probably his article “Mutual Convergence of the United States and the U.S.S.R. to the Mixed Sociocultural type,” International Journal of Comparative Sociology; January 1, 1960. A copy of this article is posted here (PDF file above).

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

     March 2020

Sorokin, Nabokov

 

According to a Wikipedia entry, in 1936, Vladimir Nabokov, then living in Berlin, began seeking a job in the English-speaking world. In 1937, Nabokov left Germany for France. His family followed him to France; they eventually settled in Paris. In May 1940, the Nabokovs fled the advancing German troops to the United States on board the SS Champlain.

In Vladimir Nabokov: The Russian Years by Brian Boyd (Princeton University Press, 2016), pg. 514, it is stated:

By late October 1939 Nabokov had settled arrangements at Stanford [University, to teach a summer course there] with [Stamford faculty member Henry] Lanz. Now ready to apply for a visa, he sought affidavits from eminent Russians in America: the artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, the sociologist Pitirim Sorokin, and his friend the historian Mikhail Karpovich, who appears to have put him in touch with Alexandra Tolstoy, the novelist’s daughter. Head of the newly established Tolstoy Foundation, which looked after the interests of Russian émigrés in America, Alexandra Tolstoy secured an affidavit for Nabokov from Sergey Koussevitzky, the longtime conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

Nabokov became an American citizen in 1945.

All of this is of interest, since Pitirim A. Sorokin had close, extensive contacts with the Russian émigré community. Sergey Koussevitzky was a lifelong friend of Sorokin and his wife Elena.

It would be interesting to know if there exists correspondence between Sorokin and Nabokov.

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

     February 2020

Roger W. Smith, “Sorokin as Bilingual Stylist: His English Language Writings Examined from a Stylistic Perspective”

 

Roger W. Smith, ‘Sorokin as Bilingual Stylist’

Сборник

See attached PDF and Word documents, above.

 

My paper “Sorokin as Bilingual Stylist: His English Language Writings Examined from a Stylistic Perspective” has been published in the following conference proceedings:

Pitirim Sorokin i paradigmy global’nogo razvitiya XXI veka (k 130-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya)

Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya

Syktyvkarskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet imeni Pitirima Sorokina

Syktyvkar, oktyabraya 2019 g.

Sbornik nauchnykh trudov

S. 25-30

 

Pitirim Sorokin and paradigms of global development of the 21st century (on the 130th anniversary of his birth)

International Scientific Conference

Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin

Syktyvkar, October 2019

Collection of scientific papers

pp. 25-30

 

— posted by Roger W. Smith

     October 2019